yapı dönüşümü: homomorphism
$G \rightarrow^f f(G) \rightarrow^{f|_{f(G)}} f(f(G))$ ve $|\text{coker}f|_{f(G)}| \leq |\text{coker}f|$. O halde $|f(G)|^2 \leq |G| \times |f(f(G))|$.